Some useful Abbreviations

A
ACID   - Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability
ACL     - Access Control List
AD        - Active Directory
AD        -Administrative Domain
ADC     - Analog to Digital Converter
ADSL   - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line          
ALGOL- Algorithmic Language
ARPANET- Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
ASCII- American Standard Code for Information Interchange
ASP-Active Server Page
ATM- Asynchronous Transfer Mode
AVI - Audio Video Interleaved

B
BASIC - Beginner's All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code
BCD    -  Binary Coded Decimal
BFS     -  Breadth First Search 
B2B     -  Business To Business
B2C    -   Business To Consumer
B2E    -   Business To Employee
BGP   -   Border Gateway Protocol
BIOS -   Basic Input Output System
Bit     -   Binary Digit
Blob  -   Binary Large Object
Blog  -    Web log 
BOOTP - Bootstrap protocol
BYTE -  By eight ( group of eight bits )

C

CAD  - Computer Aided Design
CAM - Computer Aided Manufacturing
CAPTCHA - Completely Automatic Public Turing test To tell computers and Humans Apart
CD - Compact Disc
CDE - common desktop environment 
CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access
CD ROM - Compact Disc Read Only Memory
CD RW - Compact Disc Rewritable 
CGA - Color Graphics Array
CFG - Control Flow Graph
CGI - Common Gateway Interface
CG -   Computer Graphics
CISC - Complex Instruction Set Computer
CLI- Command Line Interface
CLR - Common Language Runtime
CMOS -Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
CPU - Central Processing Unit 



D

DAC - Digital to Analog Converter
DARPA - Defence Advanced Research Project Agency 
DBA - Database Administrator
DBMS - Database Management System
DDL - Data Definition Language 
DFS - Distributed File System
DHCP - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 
DIP - Dual in line packet 
DPI - Dots per inch
DSL - Digital Subscriber Line
DTD - Document Type Definition
DTP - Desktop Publishing
DVD- Digital Versatile Disk
DW - Data Warehouse



E

EDI - Electronic Data Interchange
EDVAC -Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer 
ENIAC - Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer
ERD - Entity Relationship Diagram
ERM - Entity Relationship Model
EXT - Extended File System



F 

FCB - File Control Block
FCS - Frame Check Sequence
FDD - Floppy Disk Drive
FDM - Frequency Division Multiplexing
FDMA -Frequency Division Multiple Access
FIFO - First In First Out
FLOPS - Floating Point Operations Per Second
FPS -Floating Point System
FTP - File Transfer Protocol



G

Gb -Gigabit
GB- Gigabyte
GDI - Graphics Device Interface
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
GIGO - Garbage In Garbage Out
GIS - Geographic Information System
GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
GSM - Global System For Mobile Computing
GUI - Graphical User Interface
GWT - Google Web Toolkit



H

HAL - Hardware Abstract Layer 
HCI  - Human Computer Interface
HD - High Density 
HDD - High Disk Drive 
HDL - Hardware Description Language
HFS - Hierarchical File System 
HLS - Http Live Streaming
HTML - Hyper Text Mark up Language 
HTTP - Hyper Text Transfer Protocol 
HTTPS - Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure 
HVD -Holographic Versatile Disc



I




IC - Integrated Circuit

IBM - International Business Machine 
ICMP - Internet Control Message Protocol
ICT - Information and Communication Technology
IDE - Integrated Development Environment
IDL - Interface Definition Language 
IE - Internet Explorer
IGMP -Internet Group Management Protocol
IGRP - Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
IMAP- Internet Message Access Protocol
IPV4  - Internet Protocol Version 4 
IPV6  - Internet Protocol Version 6
ISA - Instruction Set Architecture
ISO - International Organization For Standardization
ISDN - Integrated Services Digital Network
ISP - Internet Service Provider
ISR - Interrupt Service Routine 
IT - Information Technology 



J 

JDBC - Java Database Connectivity 
JDK - Java Development Kit 
JFET - Junction Field Effect Transistor
JNDI - Java Naming and Directory Interface
JNI - Java Native Interface
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JRE - Java Run time Environment 
JSP - Java Server Pages 
JVM -Java Virtual Machine 



K

Kb - Kilobit
KB - Kilobyte
KiB - Kibibyte
KM- Knowledge Machine
KRL - Knowledge Representation Language



L

LAN - Local Area Network 
LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
LED -  Light Emitting Diode
LIFO - Last In First Out 
LPT - Line Print Terminal 
LSB - Least Significant Bit 



M

MAC - Media Access Control 
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
Mb- Megabit 
MB - Megabyte
MBR - Master Boot Record
MICR - Magnetic Ink Character Reader
MIS - Management Information System
MPEG - Motion Pictures Experts Group
MSB - Most Significant Bit 
MTA - Mail Transfer Agent 
MVC - Model View Controller 



N

NFS - Network File System
NIC - Network Interface Controller
NMI -Non Maskable Interrupt 
NOS - Network Operating System
NUMA -Non Uniform Memory Access



O

ODBC - Open Database Connectivity
OLAP - Online Analytical Processing
OLE - Object Linking and Embedding 
OMG - Object Management Group
OMR - Optical Mark Reader
OSI - Open System Interconnection 
OSPF - Open Shortest Path First 
OSDN -Open Source Development Network



P

PAN - Personal Area Network
PCB - Process Control Block
PDA - Personal Digital Assistant
PDF  - Portable Document Format
PGP  - Pretty Good Privacy
PHP  - Hypertext Preprocessor
PNG - Portable Network Graphics 
POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 
PPP - Point To Point Protocol
PSU - Power Supply Unit 
PVR - Personal video Recorder



Q

QA - Quality Assurance
QoS - Quality Of Service



R

RAD - Rapid Application Development
RAID - Redundant Array Of Independent Disks
RDBMS - Relational Database Management system
RDOS - Real Time Disk Operating System 
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification 
RGB - Red Green Blue
RIP - Raster Image Processor
RJE - Remote Job Entry 
ROM - Read Only Memory 
RPC - Remote Procedure call
RTOS - Real Time Operating System 
RWD - Responsive Web Design

S
SDK -Software Development Kit
SEO- Search Engine Optimization
SMTP- Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SOA - Service Oriented Architecture
SMS - Short Message Service 
SOAP - Simple Object Access Protocol
SSH - Secure Shell
SSL - Secure Socket Layer
SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics 
SWF - Shock Wave Flash 

T
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TDMA- Time Division Multiple Access
TCU - Telecommunication Control Unit
TLD - Top Level Domain
TSP - Travelling Salesman Problem

U
UAC - User Account Control
UDP - User Datagram Protocol
UML - Unified Modeling Language
UNC - Universal Naming Convention
UNIVAC - Universal Automatic Computer
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URL - Uniform Resource Locator 
USB - Universal Serial Bus 

V
VBS -Visual Basic Script
VHD - Virtual Hard Disk
VFS - Virtual File System
VOD - Video On Demand
VOIP - Voice Over Internet Protocol
VPN - Virtual Private Network


W
W3C -World Wide Web Consortium
WAN - Wide Area Network
WAP - Wireless Access Point
WORA - Write Once Run Anywhere
WSDL - Web Services Description Language
WWW - World Wide Web 
WYSIWYG - What You See Is What You Get

X
XML - extensible Markup Language
XP - Extreme Programming
XSL - Extensible Stylesheet Language


Y
YACC - Yet Another Compiler Compiler
YAAF - Yet Another Application Framework


Z
ZIF - Zero Insertion Force
ZIP - Zip File Archive
ZISC - Zero Instruction Set Computer
                                                                           *****